Consider the View That Free

Consider the View That Free Will is an Illusion moveYou decide on the coffee cake confident that you could swallow chosen the sandwich instead. You were relieve to do both, but as a matter of fact, you chose to work through the unhealthy option. But were you actually free to choose the unchosen alternative? Many philosophers think that free will is actually an illusion that the choice you actually make was inevitable. Schopenhauer, for example, argued that for a man to think that he could let chosen an alternative is analogous to water in a still pond saying it could be flowing. Yes, he said, the water could be flowing if that same water were in a river, but given that it is actually in a pond its insensibility is inevitable. I will argue that the pipelines that purport to show that free will is an illusion argon weak, and that we have such a thing as free will. First let us look at the arguments for determinism (here I will understand the determinism being discussed to be hard determinism the view that our free will is illusory rather than the compatibilist idea that free will can exist alongside causal determinism).What makes you take the chocolate cake instead of the sandwich? We think that the chocolate winning is the result of our deliberation and that the motive for eating the chocolate cake overcame our desire to be healthy. But what determined or caused us to be the motley of being that preferred the one to the other? It was our overall character. But what caused this? We say it is our upbringing and our genes. Now did we decide upon our upbringing that started the casual chain of events that culminated in the taking of the chocolate? No, so in that location was no other action that was in fact possible.Think of a snooker ball falling into the pocket. What caused this to authorize? It was the cabal of its shape, the direction of the cue, and the nature of the table. These factors combined with the laws of physics made the event inev itable. Of course, the snooker ball was not logically required to go into the pocket. There could have been a gust a wind at the crucial moment, but then this other event would have been causally necessary. Other things can only happen if other things which cause these other things to happen occur. So whatever happens is determined.If this is true of snooker balls, why should it be not true of us as well? If we are forcible beings, and our brains composed of physical stuff, why should I be not constrained by the same physical forces as everything else? The hard predestinationist says that there is no reason to believe that we are not subject, like the billiard ball, to the laws of nature. We feel like we could have chosen the sandwich, but given the physical facts about the situation the taking of the chocolate was inevitable. Of course, we could have taken the sandwich if the physical facts were different, but they werentSo free will the sense that we could have done otherwise in the same situation is an illusion say the hard determinists. We are not free. This is a radical thesis, and if pass judgmented would result in a radical readjustment of our concept of ourselves. And it from this that my first argument comes. According to phenomenalism we should proceed according to this methodology accept the appearances accept what you have the most guarantee for believing. Descartes, for example, says we can be much philosophically assured of the earth of our own minds than the existence of the physical realism.Hence his famous proposition Cogito ergo sum. Why should the more doubtful propositions of science about the nature of the doubtable physical arena take precedence over the immediate data of consciousness? Why should the philosophically debatable over-ride the philosophically indubitable? Physical determinists are committed to this doubtful methodology let the world, which we cannot prove to exist, take precedence over the mental world whose ex istence we simply cannot doubt. The phenomenalist like Sartre says the mental appearances are indisputable.We certainly have the phenomenology of the appearance that we could have chosen otherwise. And it is from these certainties that we should proceed. So our freedom is here an inevitable part of our purpose of ourselves and no argument from the outside world of physics can over-ride these certainties. Heres another argument against the acceptance of the idea that free will is an illusion. Kant says that ought implies can. In other words, we cannot be obliged to do something if it is not within our ability to do it. Someone may say that I ought to eliminate third world poverty that if I do not do so I am guilty of a neglect of duty.But this is unreasonable. It is not within my berth to eliminate third world poverty, so it cannot be said that I ought to do so. Of course, if someone were to say that I ought to help to eliminate third world poverty, this is a reasonable ought beca use I can do it. Ought then implies can. The argument proceeds from this presupposition and says that if Eric murders Sam we say that he ought not to have done so. He ought to have done differently he ought to have refrained from murder. But if determinism is true, then, Eric had no alternative open to him.He was caused by his nature, the laws of physics, and his environment to kill Sam. We cannot therefore say that he ought not to have done it. We cannot expect people to do things that are not within their power to do. Our moral beliefs then presuppose that determinism is false. If we are not free then a morality of oughts and duty is incoherent. Again, we could proceed phenomenologically on this we are more sure and have more warrant for our oughts than we have for our beliefs in determinism, so moral oughts should over-ride any belief we might be entertaining for determinism.Another argument against determinism says this if I am caused to inevitably accept the conclusions of an argument then I cannot have been rational to accept the conclusions of the argument. If I am determinist I have to say that my belief in determinism was caused by physical processes. The determinist has to accept that it is true for his opponent. Both are caused by ignorant physical forces to accept their beliefs. But this is self-refuting. The determinist is in effect saying that there is no rationality, so we cannot be rational in accepting or rejecting beliefs.So the consistent determinist cannot say that he is offering reasons for accepting determinism he must say he is putting in new causal inputs that cause a new belief state to emerge. This seems little better than blind brain-washing To conclude belief in determinism is not warranted. It goes against our fundamental conceptions of ourselves and threatens to make morality meaningless. Moreover, determinism is self-refuting. It says of itself There is no rational reason for accepting me. I cannot rationally accept that whic h has no rational reason for its justification.